आदित्यानामहं विष्णुर्ज्योतिषां रविरंशुमान्।
मरीचिर्मरुतामस्मि नक्षत्राणामहं शशी।।10.21।।
।।10.21।।(टिप्पणी प0 556.1) मैं अदितिके पुत्रोंमें विष्णु (वामन) और प्रकाशमान वस्तुओंमें किरणोंवाला सूर्य हूँ। मैं मरुतोंका तेज और नक्षत्रोंका अधिपति चन्द्रमा हूँ।
।।10.21।। मैं (बारह) आदित्यों में विष्णु और ज्योतियों में अंशुमान् सूर्य हूँ मैं (उनचास) मरुतों (वायु देवताओं) में मरीचि हूँ और नक्षत्रों में शशी (चन्द्रमा) हूँ।।
।।10.21।। व्याख्या -- आदित्यानामहं विष्णुः -- अदितिके धाता? मित्र आदि जितने पुत्र हैं? उनमें विष्णु अर्थात् वामन मुख्य हैं। भगवान्ने ही वामनरूपसे अवतार लेकर दैत्योंकी सम्पत्तिको दानरूपसे लिया और उसे अदितिके पुत्रों(देवताओँ) को दे दिया (टिप्पणी प0 556.2)।ज्योतिषां रविरंशुमान् -- चन्द्रमा? नक्षत्र? तारा? अग्नि आदि जितनी भी प्रकाशमान चीजें हैं? उनमें किरणोंवाला सूर्य मेरी विभूति है क्योंकि प्रकाश करनेमें सूर्यकी मुख्यता है। सूर्यके प्रकाशसे ही सभी प्रकाशमान होते हैं।मरीचिर्मरुतामस्मि -- सत्त्वज्योति? आदित्य? हरित आदि नामोंवाले जो उनचास मरुत हैं? उनका मुख्य तेज मैं हूँ। उस तेजके प्रभावसे ही इन्द्रके द्वारा दितिके गर्भके सात टुकड़े करनेपर और उन सातोंके फिर सातसात टुकड़े करनेपर भी वे मरे नहीं प्रत्युत एकसे उनचास हो गये।नक्षत्राणामहं शशी -- अश्विनी? भरणी? कृत्तिका आदि जो सत्ताईस नक्षत्र हैं? उन सबका अधिपति चन्द्रमा मैं हूँ।इन विभूतियोंमें जो विशेषता -- महत्ता है? वह वास्तवमें भगवान्की है।[इस प्रकरणमें जिन विभूतियोंका वर्णन आया है? उनको भगवान्ने विभूतिरूपसे ही कहा है? अवताररूपसे नहीं जैसे -- अदितिके पुत्रोंमें वामन मैं हूँ (10। 21)? शस्त्रधारियोंमें राम मैं हूँ (10। 31)? वृष्णिवंशियोंमें वासुदेव (कृष्ण) और पाण्डवोंमें धनञ्जय (अर्जुन) मैं हूँ (10। 37) इत्यादि। कारण कि यहाँ प्रसङ्ग विभूतियोंका है।]
।।10.21।। मैं आदित्यों में विष्णु हूँ वैदिक परम्परा में आदित्यों का संख्या कहीं पाँच तो कहीं छ बतायी गई है। ये अदिति के पुत्र थे। तत्पश्चात् पारम्परिक विश्वास के अनुसार इनकी संख्या बारह मानी गई? जो बारह मासों के सूचक हैं। विष्णु पुराण के अनुसार विष्णु नामक एक आदित्य है? जो अन्य आदित्यों की अपेक्षा श्रेष्ठ और महत्त्वपूर्ण है।मैं ज्योतियों में सूर्य हूँ आधुनिक भौतिक विज्ञान भी सूर्य को समस्त ऊर्जाओं के स्रोत के रूप में स्वीकार करता है। अत भगवान् के कथन का अभिप्राय स्वत स्पष्ट हो जाता है। जहाँ कहीं भी कोई ऊर्जा व्यक्त होती है? उसका स्रोत आत्मा ही है।मैं वायु देवताओं में मरीचि हूँ वायु के अधिष्ठाता देवता मरुत कहलाते हैं? जिनकी संख्या उनचास कही गई है। इन में मरीचि नामक मरुत मैं हूँ। मरुतगण रुद्र पुत्र माने गये हैं। ऋग्वेद के अनुसार मरीचि उनमें प्रमुख है। मैं नक्षत्रों में चन्द्रमा हूँ भारतीय खगोलशास्त्र में जिस अर्थ में नक्षत्र शब्द प्रयुक्त किया जाता है? वह चन्द्रमा के मार्ग के तीन तारों का सूचक है। इस दृष्टि से? विश्व में चन्द्रमा का यह मार्ग भगवान् की विभूति की ही एक अभिव्यक्ति है और चन्द्रमा उनमें सर्वश्रेष्ठ है? क्योंकि वह नियन्त्रक और नियामक है तथा तेज में भी अपूर्व है।परन्तु हम नक्षत्र शब्द से सामान्य प्रचलित अर्थ को भी स्वीकार कर सकते हैं? जिसके अनुसार रात्रि के समय आकाश में जड़े हुए छोटेछोटे चमकते हुए असंख्य तारे ही नक्षत्र हैं। कुछ व्याख्याकार एक पग आगे जाकर कहते हैं कि नक्षत्र शब्द रात्रि के समस्त प्रकाशों का सूचक है। चिन्तन के लिए उपयोगी होने से यह अर्थ भी स्वीकार्य हो सकता है। रात्रि के समय एक छोटी सी कुटिया से लेकर संसद भवन तक को चमकाने वाले चन्द्रमा का प्रकाश शीतल शान्तिप्रद और गौरवमय होता है। ठीक उसी प्रकार आत्मा का प्रकाश भी अतुलनीय है।यहाँ बाइस श्लोकों की इस मालिका में? भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण कुल पचहत्तर उदाहरण प्रस्तुत करते हैं। उनका उद्देश्य ज्ञानयोग के मार्ग पर चलने वाले साधक की सहायता करना है। यहाँ उक्त उपासनाओं के द्वारा साधकगण अपने मनबुद्धि को सुगठित करके चित्त की एकाग्रता प्राप्त कर सकते हैं। ध्यान के लिए उपयोगी ये पचहत्तर अभ्यास हैं
10.21 Among the Adityas [viz Dhata, Mitra, aryama, Rudra, Varuna, Surya, Bhaga, Vivasvan, Pusa, Savita, Tvasta and Visnu.-Tr.] I am Visnu; among the luminaries, the radiant sun; among the (forty-nine) Maruts [The seven groups of Maruts are Avaha, Pravaha, Vivaha, Paravaha, Udvaha, Samvaha and parivaha.-Tr.] I am Marici; among the stars I am the moon.
10.21 Among the (twelve) Adityas, I am Vishnu; among luminaries, the radiant sun; I am Marichi among the (seven or forty-nine) Maruts; among stars the moon am I.
10.21. Of the sons of Aditi, I am Visnu; of the luminaries, the radiant Sun; of the Maruts, I am Marici; of the stars, I am the Moon.
10.21 आदित्यानम् among the Adityas? अहम् I? विष्णुः Vishnu? ज्योतिषाम् among lights? रविः the sun? अंशुमान् radiant? मरीचिः Marichi? मरुताम् of the Maruts (winds)? अस्मि (I) am? नक्षत्राणाम् among the stars? अहम् I? शशी the moon.Commentary Of the twelve Adityas I am the Aditya known as Vishnu? Dhata? Mitra? Aryama? Rudra? Varuna? Bhaga? Surya? Vivasvan? Pusham? Savita? Tvashta and Vishnu are the twelve Adityas. The twelve months of the year are the Adityas.The Maruts are the gods controlling the winds. Some hold that there are seven of them while others say there are fortynine.The twelve Adityas? the luminaries like Agni? lightning? etc.? the Maruts? the stars? etc.? are the Samanya Vibhutis (ordinary manifestations) of the Lord. Vishnu? the sun? Marichi? and the moon are His Visesha Vibhutis (special manifestations) and hence they have greater splendour in them.You can superimpose the Lord on the sun and the moon? and meditate on them as forms of the Lord. You can practise the same kind of meditation on all forms mentioned in the following verses of this chapter.
10.21 Adityanam, among the twelve Adityas; aham, I; am the Aditya called Visnu. Jyotisam, among the luminaries; amsuman, the radiant; ravih, sun. Marutam, among the different gods called Maruts; asmi, I am; the one called Marici. Naksatranam, among the stars; I am sasi, the moon.
10.21 See Comment under 10.42
10.21 Of Adityas, who are twelve in number, I am the twelfth Aditya, called Visnu, who is paramount. Of luminuous bodies, namely, among luminaries in the world, I am the sun, the most brilliant luminary. Of Maruts I am the paramount Marici. Of constellations, I am the moon. The genitive case here is not to specify one out of many included in a group. Its use is the same as what is exemplifed in the statement I am the consciousness in all beings (10.22). I am the moon who is the Lord of the constellations.
The genitive case is use for the rest of the chapter to indicate a specific head of group and also to indicate a relation to a group. Among the twelve Adityas, I am Visnu, one of the names of the sun. This is my vibhuti. Among all lights, those things which reveal, I am the sun, with multitude of rays. Marici is outstanding among the winds.
Commencing with this verse until the conclusion of this chapter Lord Krishna reveals His prominent vibhuti or divine, transcendental opulence beginning with of the 12 Adityas He manifests Himself as Visnu incarnation manifesting in the form of the brahmin dwarf Vamana. Of luminaries He is the solar orbs, the radiant suns whose shining rays illuminate the darkness of unlimited, innumerable universes. Of the Maruts the seven groups of winds which flow throughout all space atmosphere, Lord Krishna is the wind known as Parivaha which precedes all the others and bears the name Marici. It should not be misconstrued that Lord Krishna is talking about one of the six great sages who were mind born by Brahma also with the same name as that is not correct. The words naksatranam aham sasi means that as the moon He is Lord over the 27 constellations beginning with Ashvini and ending with Revati due to the moon having a stronger influence. In this verse the word Vishnur is in the partitive case whereas in others the case ending is possessive. Although form this verse onwards the meanings are quite clear we shall show at selective verses throughout this chapter that even with regard to incarnations of the Supreme Lord Krishna such as Vishnu, the intention of describing them shows that their superlative power is exemplified as also a part of His vibuti.
The Supreme Lord Krishna is called Vishnu who is one of His primary incarnations because He pervades all spaces. Vishva means all pervading and vish means entering into. The Moksa Dharma states: That the Supreme Lord is the goal for all creatures and conscious beings. By Him is the world and the sky enveloped and His glory is unlimited and immeasurable. Abiding within all living entities He desires their preservation and best welfare. Because of His strident all encompassing steps He is known as Trivikram another name for Vamanadeva an incarnation of Vishnu. It should be noted that His vibhuti or divine, transcendental opulence of Marici is not referring to one of the ancient sages of antiquity. His vibhuti of Marici is the primal breath that sweeps across all space preceding the Maruts which are the different types of powerful winds throughout the unlimited trillions of universes. The Rig Veda I.XXII.XVIII beginning trini pada vi chakrame vishnur gopa adabhyah ato dharmani dharayan states: In three great strides Vishnu the protecter, who is undefeatable upholds the perennial principles of sanatan dharma or eternal righteousness.
The 12 Adityas are revealed in the Vishnu Purana being Dhatri, Aryama, Mitra, Varuna, Indra, Vivasvan, Pushan, Parjanya, Amsu, Bhaga, Tvastri and Vishnu. The Supreme Lord Krishnas vibhuti or divine transcendental opulence is the one bearing the name Vishnu who is chief of them all. Of the lights that shine in the countless universes Lord Krishnas vibhuti is the solar group consisting of all suns. Of the 7 Maruts being Avaha, Prahava, Nivaha, Purvaha, Udvaha, Samvaha and Parivaha who are different varieties of winds blowing throughout space, Lord Krishnas vibhuti is the chief wind known as Parivaha who bears the name Marici the primal wind which precedes all the others. Of all constellations Lord Krishnas vibhuti is the moon. The genitive case of the word sasi meaning moon is not referring to one out of many but is specifying one over all. Thus naksatranam aham sasi refers to the moon as being the Lord over all the constellations. This will also be exemplified similarly in the next verse where He states His vibhuti is the consciousness in all beings which means that what exists as consciousness apart from intelligence is His vibhuti also.
The 12 Adityas are revealed in the Vishnu Purana being Dhatri, Aryama, Mitra, Varuna, Indra, Vivasvan, Pushan, Parjanya, Amsu, Bhaga, Tvastri and Vishnu. The Supreme Lord Krishnas vibhuti or divine transcendental opulence is the one bearing the name Vishnu who is chief of them all. Of the lights that shine in the countless universes Lord Krishnas vibhuti is the solar group consisting of all suns. Of the 7 Maruts being Avaha, Prahava, Nivaha, Purvaha, Udvaha, Samvaha and Parivaha who are different varieties of winds blowing throughout space, Lord Krishnas vibhuti is the chief wind known as Parivaha who bears the name Marici the primal wind which precedes all the others. Of all constellations Lord Krishnas vibhuti is the moon. The genitive case of the word sasi meaning moon is not referring to one out of many but is specifying one over all. Thus naksatranam aham sasi refers to the moon as being the Lord over all the constellations. This will also be exemplified similarly in the next verse where He states His vibhuti is the consciousness in all beings which means that what exists as consciousness apart from intelligence is His vibhuti also.
Aadityaanaamaham vishnur jyotishaam raviramshumaan; Mareechirmarutaamasmi nakshatraanaamaham shashee.
ādityānām—amongst the twelve sons of Aditi; aham—I; viṣhṇuḥ—Lord Vishnu; jyotiṣhām—amongst luminous objects; raviḥ—the sun; anśhu-mān—radiant; marīchiḥ—Marichi; marutām—of the Maruts; asmi—(I) am; nakṣhatrāṇām—amongst the stars; aham—I; śhaśhī—the moon
