महर्षयः सप्त पूर्वे चत्वारो मनवस्तथा।
मद्भावा मानसा जाता येषां लोक इमाः प्रजाः।।10.6।।
।।10.6।।सात महर्षि और उनसे भी पूर्वमें होनेवाले चार सनकादि तथा चौदह मनु -- ये सबकेसब मेरे मनसे पैदा हुए हैं और मेरेमें भाव (श्रद्धाभक्ति) रखनेवाले हैं? जिनकी संसारमें यह सम्पूर्ण प्रजा है।
।।10.6।। सात महर्षिजन? पूर्वकाल के चार (सनकादि) तथा (चौदह) मनु ये मेरे प्रभाव वाले मेरे संकल्प से उत्पन्न हुए हैं? जिनकी संसार (लोक) में यह प्रजा है।।
।।10.6।। व्याख्या -- [पीछेके दो श्लोकोंमें भगवान्ने प्राणियोंके भावरूपसे बीस विभूतियाँ बतायीं। अब इस श्लोकमें व्यक्तिरूपसे पचीस विभूतियाँ बता रहे हैं? जो कि प्राणियोंमें विशेष प्रभावशाली और जगत्के कारण हैं।]महर्षयः सप्त -- जो दीर्घ आयुवाले मन्त्रोंको प्रकट करनेवाले ऐश्वर्यवान् दिव्य दृष्टिवाले गुण? विद्या आदिसे वृद्ध धर्मका साक्षात् करनेवाले और गोत्रोंके प्रवर्तक हैं -- ऐसे सातों गुणोंसे युक्त ऋषि सप्तर्षि कहे जाते हैं (टिप्पणी प0 540.1)। मरीचि? अङ्गिरा? अत्रि? पुलस्त्य? पुलह? क्रतु और वसिष्ठ -- ये सातों ऋषि उपर्युक्त सातों ही गुणोंसे युक्त हैं। ये सातों ही वेदवेत्ता हैं? वेदोंके आचार्य माने गये हैं? प्रवृत्तिधर्मका संचालन करनेवाले हैं और प्रजापतिके कार्यमें नियुक्त किये गये हैं (टिप्पणी प0 540.2)। इन्हीं सात ऋषियोंको यहाँ महर्षि कहा गया है।पूर्वे चत्वारः -- सनक? सनन्दन? सनातन और सनत्कुमार -- ये चारों ही ब्रह्माजीके तप करनेपर सबसे पहले प्रकट हुए हैं। ये चारों भगवत्स्वरूप हैं। सबसे पहले प्रकट होनेपर भी ये चारों सदा पाँच वर्षकी अवस्थावाले बालकरूपमें ही रहते हैं। ये तीनों लोकोंमें भक्ति? ज्ञान और वैराग्यका प्रचार करते हुए घूमते रहते हैं। इनकी वाणीसे सदा हरिः शरणम् का उच्चारण होता रहता है (टिप्पणी प0 540.3)। ये भगवत्कथाके बहुत प्रेमी हैं। अतः इन चारोंमेंसे एक वक्ता और तीन श्रोता बनकर भगवत्कथा करते और सुनते रहते हैं।मनवस्तथा -- ब्रह्माजीके एक दिन(कल्प) में चौदह मनु होते हैं। ब्रह्माजीके वर्तमान कल्पके स्वायम्भुव? स्वारोचिष? उत्तम? तामस? रैवत? चाक्षुष? वैवस्वत? सावर्णि? दक्षसावर्णि? ब्रह्मसावर्णि? धर्मसावर्णि? रुद्रसावर्णि? देवसावर्णि और इन्द्रसावर्णि नामवाले चौदह मनु हैं (टिप्पणी प0 540.4)। ये सभी ब्रह्माजीकी आज्ञासे सृष्टिके उत्पादक और प्रवर्तक हैं।मानसा जाताः -- मात्र सृष्टि भगवान्के संकल्पसे पैदा होती है। परन्तु यहाँ सप्तर्षि आदिको भगवान्के मनसे पैदा हुआ कहा है। इसका कारण यह है कि सृष्टिका विस्तार करनेवाले होनेसे सृष्टिमें इनकी प्रधानता है। दूसरा कारण यह है कि ये सभी ब्रह्माजीके मनसे अर्थात् संकल्पसे पैदा हुए हैं। स्वयं भगवान् ही सृष्टिरचनाके लिये ब्रह्मारूपसे प्रकट हुए हैं। अतः सात महर्षि? चार सनकादि और चौदह मनु -- इन पचीसोंको ब्रह्माजीके मानसपुत्र कहें अथवा भगवान्के मानसपुत्र कहें? एक ही बात है।मद्भावाः -- ये सभी मेरेमें ही भाव अर्थात् श्रद्धाप्रेम रखनेवाले हैं।येषां लोकमिमाः प्रजाः -- संसारमें दो तरहकी प्रजा है -- स्त्रीपुरुषके संयोगसे उत्पन्न होनेवाली और शब्दसे (दीक्षा? मन्त्र उपदेश आदिसे) उत्पन्न होनेवाली। संयोगसे उत्पन्न होनेवाली प्रजा बिन्दुज कहलाती है और शब्दसे उत्पन्न होनेवाली प्रजा नादज कहलाती है। बिन्दुज प्रजा पुत्रपरम्परासे और नादज प्रजा शिष्यपरम्परासे चलती है।सप्तर्षियों और चौदह मनुओंने तो विवाह किया था अतः उनसे उत्पन्न होनेवाली प्रजा बिन्दुज है। परन्तु सनकादिकोंने विवाह किया ही नहीं अतः उनसे उपदेश प्राप्त करके पारमार्थिक मार्गमें लगनेवाली प्रजा,नादज है। निवृत्तिपरायण होनेवाले जितने सन्तमहापुरुष पहले हुए हैं? अभी हैं और आगे होंगे? वे सब उपलक्षणसे उनकी ही नादज प्रजा हैं। सम्बन्ध -- चौथेसे छठे श्लोकतक प्राणियोंके भावों तथा व्यक्तियोंके रूपमें अपनी विभूतियोंका और अपने योग(प्रभाव) का वर्णन करके अब भगवान् आगेके श्लोकमें उनको तत्त्वसे जाननेका फल बताते हैं।
।।10.6।। इस अध्याय के दूसरे श्लोक में जिस सिद्धांत का संकेत मात्र किया गया है कि किस प्रकार सप्तर्षि? सनकादि चार कुमार और चौदह मनु? परमेश्वर के मन से उत्पन्न हुए हैं। ये सभी मिलकर जगत् के उपादान और निमित्त कारण हैं? क्योंकि यहाँ कहा गया है? इनसे यह सम्पूर्ण प्रजा उत्पन्न हुई है।सप्तर्षि जिन्हें पुराणों में मानवीय रूप में चित्रित किया गया है? वे सप्तर्षि अध्यात्मशास्त्र की दृष्टि से महत् तत्त्व? अहंकार और पंच तन्मात्राएं हैं। इन सब के संयुक्त रूप को ही जगत् कहते हैं।व्यक्तिगत दृष्टि से? सप्तर्षियों के रूपक का आशय समझना बहुत सरल है। हम जानते हैं कि जब हमारे मन में कोई संकल्प उठता है? तब वह स्वयं हमें किसी भी प्रकार से विचलित करने में समर्थ नहीं होता। परन्तु? किसी एक विषय के प्रति जब यह संकल्प केन्द्रीभूत होकर कामना का रूप ले लेता है? तब कामना में परिणित वही संकल्प अत्यन्त शक्तिशाली बनकर हमारी शान्ति और सन्तुलन को नष्ट कर देता है। ये संकल्प ही बाहर प्रक्षेपित होकर पंच विषयों का ग्रहण और उनके प्रति हमारी प्रतिक्रियायें व्यक्त कराते हैं। यह संकल्पधारा और इसका प्रक्षेपण ये दोनों मिलकर हमारे सुखदुख पूर्ण यशअपयश तथा प्रयत्न और प्राप्ति के छोटे से जगत् के निमित्त और उपादान कारण बन जाते हैं।पूर्वकाल के चार (सनकादि) और मनु श्री शंकराचार्य अपने भाष्य में इस प्रकार पदच्छेद करते हैं कि पूर्वकाल सम्बन्धी और चार मनु। यहाँ इसका आध्यात्मिक विश्लेषण करना उचित है जिसके लिए हमें दूसरी पंक्ति में आधार भी मिलता है। भगवान् कहते हैं? ये सब मेरे मन से अर्थात् संकल्प से ही प्रकट हुए हैं।पुराणों में ऐसा वर्णन किया गया है कि सृष्टि के प्रारम्भ में ही सृष्टिकर्ता ब्रह्माजी से चार मानस पुत्र सनत्कुमार? सनक? सनातन और सनन्दन का जन्म हुआ। हममें से प्रत्येक (व्यष्टि) व्यक्ति में निहित सृजन शक्ति अथवा सृजन की प्रवृत्ति के माध्यम से व्यक्त चैतन्य ही व्यष्टि सृष्टि का निर्माता है। यह सृजन की प्रवृत्ति अन्तकरण के चार भागों में व्यक्त होती है तभी किसी प्रकार का निर्माण कार्य होता है। वे चार भाग हैं संकल्प (मन)? निश्चय (बुद्धि)? पूर्वज्ञान का स्मरण (चित्त) और कर्तृत्वाभिमान (अहंकार)। मन? बुद्धि? चित्त और अहंकार इन चारों को उपर्युक्त चार मानस पुत्रों के द्वारा इंगित किया गया है।इस प्रकार एक ही श्लोक में समष्टि और व्यष्टि की सृष्टि के कारण बताए गए हैं। समष्टि सृष्टि की उत्पत्ति एवं स्थिति के लिए महत् तत्त्व? अहंकार और पंच तन्मात्राएं कारण हैं? जबकि व्यष्टि सृष्टि का निर्माण मन? बुद्धि? चित्त और अहंकार की क्रियाओं से होता है।संक्षेप में? सप्तर्षि समष्टि सृष्टि के तथा चार मानस पुत्र व्यष्टि सृष्टि के निमित्त और उपादान कारण हैं।व्यष्टि और समष्टि की दृष्टि से? सृष्टि के अभिप्राय को समझने की क्या आवश्यकता है सुनो --
10.6 The seven great sages as also the four Manus of anceint days, of whom are these creatures in the world, had their thoughts fixed on Me, and they were born from My mind.
10.6 The seven great sages, the ancient four and also the Manus, possessed of powers like Me (on account of their minds being fixed on Me), were born of (My) mind; from them are these creatures born in this world.
10.6. The ancient Seven Great-Seers and also the Four Manus, of whom these creatures in this world are offsprings-they have been born as My mental dispositions.
10.6 महर्षयः the great Rishis? सप्त seven? पूर्वे ancient? चत्वारः four? मनवः Manus? तथा also? मद्भावाः possessed of powers like Me? मानसाः from mind? जाताः born? येषाम् from whom? लोके in world? इमाः these? प्रजाः creatures. Commentary In the beginning I was alone and from Me came the mind and from the mind were produced the seven sages (such as Bhrigu? Vasishtha and others)? the ancient four Kumaras (Sanaka? Sanandana? Sanatkumara and Sanatsujata)? as well as the four Manus of the past ages known as Savarnis? all of whom directed their thoughts to Me exclusively and were therefore endowed with divine powers and supreme wisdom.The four Kumaras (chaste? ascetic youths) declined to marry and create offspring. They preferred to remain perpetual celibates and to practise BrahmaVichara or profound meditation on Brahman or the Absolute.They were all created by Me? by mind alone. They were all mindborn sons of Brahma. They were not born from the womb like ordinary mortals. Manavah? men? the present inhabitants of this world? are the sons of Manu. The Manus are the mindborn sons of God. These creatures which consist of the moving and the unmoving beings are born of the seven great sages and the four Manus. The great sages were original teaches of BrahmaVidya or the ancient wisdom of the Upanishads. The Manus were the rulers of men. They framed the code or rules of conduct or the laws of Dharma for the guidance and uplift of humanity.The seven great sages represent the seven planes also. In the macrocosm? Mahat or cosmic Buddhi? Ahamkara or the cosmic egoism and the five Tanmatras or the five rootelements of which the five great elements? viz.? earth? water? fire? air and ether are the gross forms? represent the seven great sages. This gross universe with the moving and the unmoving beings and the subtle inner world have come out of the above seven principles. In mythology or the Puranic terminology these seven principles have been symbolised and give human names. Bhrigu? Marichi? Atri? Pulastya? Pulaha? Kratu and Vasishtha are the seven great sages.In the microcosm? Manas (mind)? Buddhi (intellect)? Chitta (subconsciousness) and Ahamkara (egoism) have been symbolised as the four Manus and given human names. The first group forms the base of the macrocosm. The second group forms the base of the microcosm (individuals). These two groups constitute this vast universe of sentient life.Madbhava with their being in Me? of My nature.
10.6 Sapta, the seven; maharsayah, great sages-Bhrgu and others; tatha, as also; catvarah, the four; manavah, Manus [Savarni, Dharma-savarini, Daksa-savarni, and Savarna.-Tr.]- well known as Savarnas; purve, of ancient days; yesam, of whom, of which Manus and the great sages; imah, these; prajah, creatures, moving and non-moving; loke in the world, are the creation; madbhavah, had their thoughts fixed on Me-they had their minds fixed on Me, (and hence) they were endowed with the power of Visnu; and they jatah, were born; manasa; from My mind-they were created by Me through My mind itself.
10.6 See Comment under 10.11
10.6 The seven great Rsis of yore, namely, those seven great Rsis like Bhrgu etc., were from the mind of Brahma in the cycle of the past Manu to perpetuate the creation permanently; and the four Manas called the sons of Savarna existed for the work of eternal sustentation. All creatures in the world are their progeny. So they are the generators of this progeny as also their sustainers till the time of Pralaya. These Bhrgu etc., and the Manus, derive their mental condition from Me. Their disposition is My disposition - they subsist on My disposition. The meaning is they follow My will.
Not having mentioned that intelligence, knowledge and non-bewilderment cannot give real knowledge of the Lord, the Lord in this verse states that these things cannot give true knowledge of the Lord. The seven great sages beginning with Marici, the four Kumaras such as Sanaka, and the fourteen Manus beginning with Svayambhuva, take birth from me in the form of Hiranyagarbha (Brahma). They arose from my mind. The brahmanas and others exist as the offspring, sons and grandsons, or students, and students of students of the seven sages, the four Kumaras and the Manus.
Furthermore Lord Krishna explains that in the Puranas which are ancient Vedic literatures are many proofs concerning the great sage Bhrgu, the seven sages who are Marici, Atri, Angiras, Pulastya, Pulaha, Kratu and Vasistha and others such as the four Kumaras and the Svayambhuva Manu; all who are endowed by the Supreme Lords essence and in whom He has placed a portion of His power and potency. This very power is being illustrated as all of these great beings were manifested from the mind of the Supreme Lord as a mere desire of His and all of them are the factual grandsires of all progeny on Earth multiplying and multiplying in the worlds as sons, grandsons and great grandsons as well as disciples grand disciples and great grand disciples and so forth and so on as the case may be.
The seven great sages of an earlier age are Marici, Atri, Angiras, Pulastya, Pulaha, Kratu and Vasisitha of magnificent splendour. It is found in the Moksa Dharma abd throughout the Puranas. Among the Manus the first was Svayambhu and the others were Sarochisa, Raivata and Uttama of a previous age and from them came all humans and not from Bhrgu and others who came after and are from our present age. The words imah prajah spoken by Lord Krishna denotes the descending lineage of the four orders being brahmins, ksatriyas, vaisyas and sudras and does not refer to any beings born in the future. So these four Manus headed by Svayambhu are the primary ones and the otherss coming after are subsequent ones. Even in the Gautama text it has been mentioned: Those who are connected to Svayambhu, Svarochita, Raivata and Uttama have very good progeny. Even though Tapasama is senior to Svarochita, his name is not mentioned here because he is one of the descendants of the Supreme Lord and so it would be incongruous with the words manasa jata referring to the mentally expanded forms from Brahma. This is recorded in the Bhagavat Purana where descriptions of the Manus have been enumerated, that Brahma created the Manus from his mind and it also states that without relinquishing the body given to them by Brahma it was possible for them to be born as Priyavratas sons. Both interpretations are capable to be accepted. This is proven by Lord Krishna using the word purve meaning their predecessors. The use of the word mad-bhava meaning from His energy confirms that even though they were created from the mind of Brahma, they are integrally endowed with Lord Krishnas potency. Now begins the summation. The Brahma Purana states that Marici, Atri, Angiras, Pulastya, Pulaha, Kratu and Vashistha of great splendour were earlier known as the seven sages Because of exceptional intelligence Brahma and other demigods were sometimes known as Manus. Even though the demigods were numerous they were sometimes referred to as Manus because of the divisions of the four orders. Because of weakness some of the demigods were known as dina or weak while other demigods such as Brahma and Rudra were known as strong. The demigods for whose favour worship was done not to propitiate Lord Krishna but instead to acquire some material benefits were known as dina. The worship and propitiation directed towards Lord Krishna was performed only by those demigods who were known as Manu and they did not direct their worship to any other source than Him. The Maha Vishnu Purana states: The progeny of Marici and others were known as manavas or human beings. Their sons and grandsons and great grandsons gradually populated part of the material creation of the Supreme Lord Krishna.
The word purve meaning predecessor establishes a link to the past. This past is the previous manvantara or age of Manu. From the mind of Brahma the seven great sages Marici, Atri, Angiras, Pulastya, Pulaha, Kratu and Vasistha were all born to inaugurate the day arising of Brahma. Although Bhrgu was also born from the mind of Brahma and a great sage, he was subsequent to the others. The four Manus named Savarnikas are Brahma, Rudra, Dharma and Daksa and they are responsible for overseeing the maintenance of creation. The fourteen Manus named Manvantaras are headed by Syambhuva Manu and are appointed to administrate the creation for their allotted time span. All the human beings in creation are descendants from these aforementioned. They materially create and materially sustain their descendants which includes the whole human population in creation every moment throughout time until the commencement of the cosmic dissolution. Lord Krishna states the words mad-bhava meaning of His nature, this confirms that Brahma, Rudra, the Manus, the seven sages, etc. are all endowed with His nature and imbued with a spark of His potency and are followers of His divine plan in all situations and circumstances.
The word purve meaning predecessor establishes a link to the past. This past is the previous manvantara or age of Manu. From the mind of Brahma the seven great sages Marici, Atri, Angiras, Pulastya, Pulaha, Kratu and Vasistha were all born to inaugurate the day arising of Brahma. Although Bhrgu was also born from the mind of Brahma and a great sage, he was subsequent to the others. The four Manus named Savarnikas are Brahma, Rudra, Dharma and Daksa and they are responsible for overseeing the maintenance of creation. The fourteen Manus named Manvantaras are headed by Syambhuva Manu and are appointed to administrate the creation for their allotted time span. All the human beings in creation are descendants from these aforementioned. They materially create and materially sustain their descendants which includes the whole human population in creation every moment throughout time until the commencement of the cosmic dissolution. Lord Krishna states the words mad-bhava meaning of His nature, this confirms that Brahma, Rudra, the Manus, the seven sages, etc. are all endowed with His nature and imbued with a spark of His potency and are followers of His divine plan in all situations and circumstances.
Maharshayah sapta poorve chatwaaro manavastathaa; Madbhaavaa maanasaa jaataa yeshaam loka imaah prajaah.
mahā-ṛiṣhayaḥ—the great Sages; sapta—seven; pūrve—before; chatvāraḥ—four; manavaḥ—Manus; tathā—also; mat bhāvāḥ—are born from me; mānasāḥ—mind; jātāḥ—born; yeṣhām—from them; loke—in the world; imāḥ—all these; prajāḥ—people
