यो मामेवमसम्मूढो जानाति पुरुषोत्तमम्।
स सर्वविद्भजति मां सर्वभावेन भारत।।15.19।।
।।15.19।।हे भरतवंशी अर्जुन इस प्रकार जो मोहरहित मनुष्य मुझे पुरुषोत्तम जानता है? वह सर्वज्ञ सब प्रकारसे मेरा ही भजन करता है।
।।15.19।। हे भारत इस प्रकार? जो? संमोहरहित? पुरुष मुझ पुरुषोत्तम को जानता है? वह सर्वज्ञ होकर सम्पूर्ण भाव से अर्थात् पूर्ण हृदय से मेरी भक्ति करता है।।
।।15.19।। व्याख्या -- यो मामेवमसम्मूढः -- जीवात्मा परमात्माका सनातन अंश है। अतः अपने अंशी परमात्माके वास्तविक सम्बन्ध(जो सदासे ही है) का अनुभव करना ही उसका असम्मूढ़ (मोहसे रहित) होना है।संसार या परमात्माको तत्त्वसे जाननेमें मोह (मूढ़ता) ही बाधक है। किसी वस्तुकी वास्तविकताका ज्ञान तभी हो सकता है? जब उस वस्तुसे राग या द्वेषपूर्वक माना गया कोई सम्बन्ध न हो। नाशवान् पदार्थोंसे रागद्वेषपूर्वक सम्बन्ध मानना ही मोह है।संसारको तत्त्वसे जानते ही परमात्मासे अपनी अभिन्नताका अनुभव हो जाता है और परमात्माको तत्त्वसे जानते ही संसारसे अपनी भिन्नताका अनुभव हो जाता है। तात्पर्य है कि संसारको तत्त्वसे जाननेसे संसारसे माने हुए सम्बन्धका विच्छेद हो जाता है और परमात्माको तत्त्वसे जाननेसे परमात्मासे वास्तविक सम्बन्धका अनुभव हो जाता है।संसारसे अपना सम्बन्ध मानना ही भक्तिमें व्यभिचारदोष है। इस व्यभिचारदोषसे सर्वथा रहित होनेमें ही उपर्युक्त पदोंका भाव समझना चाहिये।जानाति पुरुषोत्तमम् -- जिसकी मूढ़ता सर्वथा नष्ट हो गयी है? वही मनुष्य भगवान्को पुरुषोत्तम जानता है।क्षरसे सर्वथा अतीत पुरुषोत्तम(परमपुरुष परमात्मा) को ही सर्वोपरि मानकर उनके सम्मुख हो जाना? केवल उन्हींको अपना मान लेना ही भगवान्को यथार्थरूपसे पुरुषोत्तम जानना है।संसारमें जो कुछ भी प्रभाव देखनेसुननेमें आता है? वह सब एक भगवान्(पुरुषोत्तम) का ही है -- ऐसा मान लेनेसे संसारका खिंचाव सर्वथा मिट जाता है। यदि संसारका थोड़ासा भी खिंचाव रहता है? तो यही समझना चाहिये कि अभी भगवान्को दृढ़तासे माना ही नहीं।स सर्वविद्भजति मां सर्वभावेन भारत -- जो भगवान्को पुरुषोत्तम जान लेता है और इस विषयमें जिसके अन्तःकरणमें कोई विकल्प? भ्रम या संशय नहीं रहता? उस मनुष्यके लिये जाननेयोग्य कोई तत्त्व शेष नहीं रहता। इसलिये भगवान् उसको सर्ववित् कहते हैं (टिप्पणी प0 785.1)।भगवान्को जाननेवाला व्यक्ति कितना ही कम पढ़ालिखा क्यों न हो? वह सब कुछ जाननेवाला है क्योंकि उसने जाननेयोग्य तत्त्वको जान लिया। उसको और कुछ भी जानना शेष नहीं है।जो मनुष्य भगवान्को पुरुषोत्तम जान लेता है? उस सर्ववित् मनुष्यकी पहचान यह है कि वह सब प्रकारसे स्वतः भगवान्का ही भजन करता है।जब मनुष्य भगवान्को क्षरसे अतीत जान लेता है? तब उसका मन (राग) क्षर(संसार) से हटकर भगवान्में लग जाता है और जब वह भगवान्को अक्षरसे उत्तम जान लेता है? तब उसकी बुद्धि (श्रद्धा) भगवान्में लग जाती है (टिप्पणी प0 785.2)। फिर उसकी प्रत्येक वृत्ति और क्रियासे स्वतः भगवान्का भजन होता है। इस प्रकार सब प्रकारसे भगवान्का भजन करना ही अव्यभिचारिणी भक्ति है।शरीर? इन्द्रियाँ? मन? बुद्धि आदि सांसारिक पदार्थोंसे जबतक मनुष्य रागपूर्वक अपना सम्बन्ध मानता है? तबतक वह सब प्रकारसे भगवान्का भजन नहीं कर सकता। कारण कि जहाँ राग होता है? वृत्ति स्वतः वहीं जाती है।मैं भगवान्का हूँ और भगवान् ही मेरे हैं -- इस वास्तविकताको दृढ़तापूर्वक मान लेनेसे स्वतः सब प्रकारसे भगवान्का भजन होता है। फिर भक्तकी मात्र क्रियाएँ (सोना? जागना? बोलना? चलना? खानापीना आदि) भगवान्की प्रसन्नताके लिये ही होती हैं? अपने लिये नहीं।ज्ञानमार्गमें जानना और भक्तिमार्गमें मानना मुख्य होता है। जिस बातमें किञ्चिन्मात्र भी सन्देह न हो? उसे दृढ़तापूर्वक मानना ही भक्तिमार्गमें जानना है। भगवान्को सर्वोपरि मान लेनेके बाद भक्त सब प्रकारसे भगवान्का ही भजन करता है (गीता 10। 8)।भगवान्को पुरुषोत्तम (सर्वोपरि) माननेसे भी मनुष्य सर्ववित् हो जाता है? फिर सब प्रकारसे भगवान्का भजन करते हुए भगवान्को पुरुषोत्तम जान जाय -- इसमें तो कहना ही क्या है सम्बन्ध -- अरुन्धतीदर्शनन्याय(स्थूलसे क्रमशः सूक्ष्मकी ओर जाने) के अनुसार भगवान्ने इस अध्यायमें पहले क्षर और फिर अक्षर का विवेचन करनेके बाद अन्तमें पुरुषोत्तम का वर्णन किया -- अपने पुरुषोत्तमत्वको सिद्ध किया। ऐसा वर्णन करनेका तात्पर्य और प्रयोजन क्या है -- इसको भगवान् आगेके श्लोकमें बताते हैं।
।।15.19।। जिस पुरुष ने अपने शरीर? मन और बुद्धि तथा उनके द्वारा अनुभव किये जाने वाले विषयों? भावनाओं एवं विचारों के साथ मिथ्या तादात्म्य को सर्वथा त्याग दिया है? वही असंमूढ अर्थात् संमोहरहित पुरुष है।इस प्रकार मुझे जानता है यहाँ जानने का अर्थ बौद्धिक स्तर का ज्ञान नहीं? वरन् आत्मा का साक्षात् अपरोक्ष अनुभव है। स्वयं को परमात्मस्वरूप से जानना ही वास्तविक बोध है।अनात्मा के तादात्म्य को त्यागकर? जिसने मुझ परमात्मा के साथ पूर्ण तादात्म्य स्थापित कर लिया है? वही परम भक्त है? जो मुझे पूर्ण हृदय से भजता है। प्रिय से तादात्म्य ही सर्वत्र प्रेम का मापदण्ड माना जाता है। अधिक प्रेम होने पर अधिक तादात्म्य होता है। इसलिये? अंकगणित की दृष्टि से भी पूर्ण तादात्म्य का अर्थ होगा पूर्ण प्रेम अर्थात् पराभक्ति।यह पुरुषोत्तम ही चैतन्य स्वरूप से तीनों काल में समस्त घटनाओं एवं प्राणियों की अन्तर्वृत्तियों को प्रकाशित करता है। इसलिये वह सर्वज्ञ कहलाता है। जो भक्त इस पुरुषोत्तम के साथ पूर्ण तादात्म्य कर लेता है? वह भी सर्ववित् कहलाता है।इस अध्याय की विषयवस्तु भगवत्तत्त्वज्ञान है। अब? भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण इस ज्ञान की प्रशंसा करते हैं? जो ज्ञान हमें शरीरजनित दुखों? मनजनित विक्षेपों और बुद्धिजनित अशान्तियों के बन्धनों से सदा के लिये मुक्त कर देता है
15.19 O scion of the Bharata dynasty, he who, being free from delusion, knows Me the supreme Person thus, he is all-knowing and adores Me with his whole being.
15.19 He who, undeluded, knows Me thus as the highest Purusha, he, knowing all, worships Me with his whole being (heart), O Arjuna.
15.19. He, who, being not deluded, thus knows Me as the Highest of persons - he knows all and serves Me with his entire being, O descendant of Bharata !
15.19 यः who? माम् Me? एवम् thus? असम्मूढः undeluded? जानाति knows? पुरुषोत्तमम् the Supreme Purusha? सः he? सर्ववित् allknowing? भजति worships? माम् Me? सर्वभावेन with his whole being (heart)? भारत O Bharata.Commentary The glory of the knowledge of the Self is described in this verse.Asammudhah Undeluded? free from delusion. The undeluded does not identify himself with the physical body. He never looks upon the physical body? the lifeforce? senses? mind? intellect and the causal body as the Self or as belonging to himself? because he is resting in his own essential nature as ExistenceKnowledgeBliss Absolute and because he identifies himself with Brahman or the Supreme Being.That aspirant who knows that Sri Krishna is not a human being and that He is the highest Purusha or the Supreme Being is undeluded. Such an aspirant or devotee alone worships Him with his whole being. He is the Sarvavit or Sarvajna? allknower. He knows and realises that Lord Krishna? the supreme Lord? is the Inner Self of all beings. He beholds the One in the many? and the many in the One. For him there is neither high nor low? neither pleasure nor pain? neither virtue nor vice? neither good nor evil? neither likes nor dislikes.Me The Lord as specified above.Sarvavit One who knows everything in detail.Knows that I am He.Sarvabhavena With all his heart? with his whole being? wholeheartedly with his whole thought devoted exclusively to the Self of all with his whole mind centred on the Supreme Self alone.
15.19 Bharata, O scion of the Bharata dynasty; yah, he who; asammudhah, being free from delusion; janati, knows; mam, Me, God, having the aforesaid alifications; purusottamam, the supreme Person; evam, thus, in the way described, as I am this One; sah, he; is sarva-vit, all-knowing- he knows everything through self-identification with all-, i.e. (he becomes) omniscient; and bhajati, adores; mam, Me, existing in all things; sarva-bhavena, with his whole being, i.e. with his mind fixed on Me as the Self of all. Now then, having stated in this chapter the knowledge of the real nature of the Lord, which has Liberation as its fruit, it is being euligized:
15.19 Yo mam etc. He, who knows Me thus i.e., he who meditates exclusively on Me as identical with all, and to be the very Brahman - he realises all to be identical with Me and adores (or experiences) Me alone with his entire being viz., his form, action and thought. [That is to say], whatever he perceives, he experiences it as the form of the Bhagavat ; and so on. Hence [it has been said] by myself (Ag.) in the Sivasaktyavinabhavastotra as : O Mother (Goddess) ! Our praise to You is unusual one ; all (uttering) sounds constitute Your body indeed; in my entire body and in all [my] mental and external activities there is Your association. O Siva, O Alleviator of what is inauspicious ! When I fully contemplate in this manner, then it has been accomplished in the world, without any effort [of mine], that for me there is indeed not even a small fraction of time without praise, recitation [of hymns], worship and contemplation [of Yours].
15.19 He who, without delusion, knows the Supreme Person as Myself, as already stated, i.e., knows Me, as differing in kind from the perishable and the imperishable Persons, because of My being immutable and because of My being distinguished from them as pervading, supporting and ruling etc., by nature - such a devotee knows all. He knows all that is to be known as the means of attaining Me. He worships Me in every way, i.e., whatever ways of worshipping Me have been prescribed as the means of attaining Me, he worships Me by all these modes of worship. Whatever love is evoked in Me towards one approaching Me by all forms of knowledge having Me for their object, and whatever love is roused up in Me towards those who practise various modes of worship having Me for their object - all that in a unified form is generatd in Me towards one who has the knowledge of Me as described. Now, Sri Krsna eulogises this knowledge of the Supreme Person:
“Though this has been established by you, philosophers will argue over the meaning.” Let them argue! They are bewildered by my maya, and the devotee is not bewildered. He who is not bewildered by the arguments of these philosophers (asammudhah) knows everything. Even though he has not studied the scriptures, he is the knower of the meaning of all scriptures. The other person, though he has indeed studied and taught all the scriptures, is really a complete fool (sam mudhah). He who knows worships me with complete love. The other person, though he worships something, does not worship me.
The unequivocal result of one who is cognizant of the Supreme Lord Krishnas eternal and paramount position as th ultimate reality is that they no longer are subject to delusion and illusion offerring in all respects themselves and everything they possess unto Him exclusively in propitiation and worship expressing the quintessential truth of all existence.
Whosoever who has developed and evolved their consciousness to become spiritually intelligent enough to realise Lord Krishnas paramount supreme position as the creator, maintainer, sustainer and pervader of all that exists knows everything essential which means everything that is to be know as the means to attain Him by the fact that one knows. Such a one serves the Supreme Lord in every way which means whatever ways of worship have been ordained to attain Him such a one has accomplished them by dint of this service. By realising Lord Krishna thus as Purusottama the Supreme Being of all beings and devoted exclusively to Him one is assured His love and protection the same which may be gained by various activities of service and worship to Him that are revealed in the Vedic scriptures. Thus this aforementioned knowledge of Pususottama has been duly eulogised.
Whosoever who has developed and evolved their consciousness to become spiritually intelligent enough to realise Lord Krishnas paramount supreme position as the creator, maintainer, sustainer and pervader of all that exists knows everything essential which means everything that is to be know as the means to attain Him by the fact that one knows. Such a one serves the Supreme Lord in every way which means whatever ways of worship have been ordained to attain Him such a one has accomplished them by dint of this service. By realising Lord Krishna thus as Purusottama the Supreme Being of all beings and devoted exclusively to Him one is assured His love and protection the same which may be gained by various activities of service and worship to Him that are revealed in the Vedic scriptures. Thus this aforementioned knowledge of Pususottama has been duly eulogised.
Yo maamevam asammoodho jaanaati purushottamam; Sa sarvavidbhajati maam sarvabhaavena bhaarata.
yaḥ—who; mām—Me; evam—thus; asammūḍhaḥ—without a doubt; jānāti—know; puruṣha-uttamam—the Supreme Divine Personality; saḥ—they; sarva-vit—those with complete knowledge; bhajati—worship; mām—Me; sarva-bhāvena—with one’s whole being; bhārata—Arjun, the son of Bharat
