यज्ज्ञात्वा न पुनर्मोहमेवं यास्यसि पाण्डव।
येन भूतान्यशेषेण द्रक्ष्यस्यात्मन्यथो मयि।।4.35।।
।।4.35।।जिस(तत्त्वज्ञान) का अनुभव करनेके बाद तू फिर इस प्रकार मोहको नहीं प्राप्त होगा और हे अर्जुन जिस(तत्त्वज्ञान)से तू सम्पूर्ण प्राणियोंको निःशेषभावसे पहले अपनेमें और उसके बाद मुझ सच्चिदानन्दघन परमात्मामें देखेगा।
।।4.35।। जिसको जानकर तुम पुन इस प्रकार मोह को नहीं प्राप्त होगे और हे पाण्डव जिसके द्वारा तुम भूतमात्र को अपने आत्मस्वरूप में तथा मुझमें भी देखोगे।।
।।4.35।। व्याख्या यज्ज्ञात्वा न पुनर्मोहमेवं यास्यसि पाण्डव पूर्वश्लोकमें भगवान्ने कहा कि वे महापुरुष तेरेको तत्त्वज्ञानका उपदेश देंगे परन्तु उपदेश सुननेमात्रसे वास्तविक बोध अर्थात् स्वरूपका यथार्थ अनुभव नहीं होता श्रुत्वाप्येनं वेद न चैव कश्चित् (गीता 2। 29) और वास्तविक बोधका वर्णन भी कोई कर नहीं सकता। कारण कि वास्तविक बोध करणनिरपेक्ष है अर्थात् मन वाणी आदिसे परे है। अतः वास्तविक बोध स्वयंके द्वारा ही स्वयंको होता है और यह तब होता है जब मनुष्य अपने विवेक (जडचेतनके भेदका ज्ञान) को महत्त्व देता है। विवेकको महत्त्व देनेसे जब अविवेक सर्वथा मिट जाता है तब वह विवेक ही वास्तविक बोधमें परिणत हो जाता है और जडतासे सर्वथा सम्बन्धविच्छेद करा देता है। वास्तविक बोध होनेपर फिर कभी मोह नहीं होता।गीताके पहले अध्यायमें अर्जुनका मोह प्रकट होता है कि युद्धमें सभी कुटुम्बी सगेसम्बन्धी लोग मर जायँगे तो उन्हें पिण्ड और जल देनेवाला कौन होगा पिण्ड और जल न देनेसे वे नरकोंमें गिर जायँगे। जो जीवित रह जायँगे उन स्त्रियोंका और बच्चोंका निर्वाह और पालन कैसे होगा आदिआदि। तत्त्वज्ञान होनेके बाद ऐसा मोह नहीं रहता। बोध होनेपर जब संसारसे मैंमेरेपनका सम्बन्ध नहीं रहता तब पुनः मोह होनेका प्रश्न ही नहीं रहता।येन भूतान्यशेषेण द्रक्ष्यस्यात्मनि तत्त्वज्ञान होते ही ऐसा अनुभव होता है कि मेरी सत्ता सर्वत्र परिपूर्ण है और उस सत्ताके अन्तर्गत ही अनन्त ब्रह्माण्ड हैं। जैसे स्वप्नसे जगा हुआ मनुष्य स्वप्नकी सृष्टिको अपनेमें ही देखता है ऐसे ही तत्त्वज्ञान होनेपर मनुष्य सम्पूर्ण प्राणियों (जगत्) को अपनेमें ही देखता है। छठे अध्यायके उन्तीसवें श्लोकमें आये सर्वभूतानि चात्मनि पदोंसे भी इसी स्थितिका वर्णन किया गया है।अथो मयि तत्त्वज्ञान प्राप्त करनेकी जो प्रचलित प्रक्रिया है उसीके अनुसार भगवान् कह रहे हैं कि गुरुसे विधिपूर्वक (श्रवण मनन और निदिध्यासनपूर्वक) तत्त्वज्ञान प्राप्त करनेपर साधक पहले अपने स्वरूपमें सम्पूर्ण प्राणियोंको देखता है यह त्वम् पदका अनुभव हुआ फिर वह स्वरूपको तथा सम्पूर्ण प्राणियोंको एक सच्चिदानन्दघन परमात्मामें देखता है यह तत् पदका अनुभव हुआ। इस तरह उसको पहले त्वम (स्वरूप) का और फिर तत् (परमात्मतत्त्व) के साथ त्वम् की एकताका अनुभव हो जाता है। एक ब्रह्महीब्रह्म शेष रह जाता है। ऐसी अवस्थामें द्रष्टा दृश्य और दर्शन ये तीनों ही नहीं रहते। परन्तु लोगोंकी दृष्टिमें उसके अपने कहलानेवाले अन्तःकरणमें जो भाव दीखता है उसको लेकर ही भगवान् कहते हैं कि वह सबको मेरेमें देखता है।स्थूल दृष्टिसे समुद्र और लहरोंमें भिन्नता दीखती है। लहरें समुद्रमें ही उठती और लीन होती रहती हैं। परन्तु सूक्ष्म दृष्टिसे समुद्र और लहरोंकी स्वतन्त्र सत्ता नहीं है। सत्ता केवल एक जलतत्त्वकी ही है। जलतत्त्वमें न समुद्र है न लहरें। पृथ्वीसे सम्बन्ध होनेके कारण समुद्र भी सीमित है और लहरें भी परन्तु जलतत्त्व सीमित नहीं है। अतः समुद्र और लहरोंको न देखकर एक जलतत्त्वको देखना ही यथार्थ दृष्टि है। इसी तरह संसाररूप समुद्र और शरीररूप लहरोंमें भिन्नता दीखती है। शरीर संसारमें ही उत्पन्न और नष्ट होते रहते हैं। परन्तु वास्तवमें संसार और शरीरसमुदायकी स्वतन्त्र सत्ता नहीं है। सत्ता केवल परमात्मतत्त्वकी ही है। परमात्मतत्त्वमें न संसार है न शरीर। प्रकृतिसे सम्बन्ध होनेके कारण संसार भी सीमित है और शरीर भी। परन्तु परमात्मतत्त्व सीमित नहीं है। अतः संसार और शरीरोंको न देखकर एक परमात्मतत्त्वको देखना ही यथार्थ दृष्टि है (गीता 13। 27)।
।।4.35।। इस प्रकरण के संदर्भ किसी के मन में यह शंका उठ सकती है कि इतना अधिक परिश्रम करके ज्ञान प्राप्त किया जा सकता है परन्तु हो सकता है कि मृत्यु के पश्चात् फिर हम उसी अज्ञान अवस्था को पुन प्राप्त हो जायें। अपने एक ही जीवन में हम अनेक प्रकार के ज्ञान प्राप्त करते हैं लेकिन सब का ही हमें स्मरण नहीं रहता। इसी प्रकार आत्मज्ञान को भी प्राप्त करके यदि उसका विस्मरण हो जाता है तब तो वास्तव में बड़ी ही हानि होगी।इस प्रकार की शंका का निवारण करते हुए भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण निश्चयपूर्वक कहते हैं इसे जानकर पुन तुम मोह को प्राप्त नहीं होगे। किसी कट्टरवादी की अत्युत्साही शैली की भाँति प्रतीत होने वाला यह कथन है तथापि विचार की प्रारम्भिक अवस्था में इसे इसी रूप में स्वीकार किया जाना चाहिये। सभी आचार्य इस विषय पर एकमत हैं और चूँकि अपनी पीढ़ी की वंचना करने में उनका कोई स्वार्थ नहीं हो सकता इसलिये उनके मत को विश्वासपूर्वक स्वीकार करने में ही बुद्धिमानी है। इस श्रद्धा की आवश्यकता तब तक ही है जब तक हम स्वयं आत्मा का साक्षात् अनुभव नहीं कर लेते। वैवाहिक जीवन का आनन्द एक बालक नहीं समझ सकता। इसी प्रकार अज्ञान अव्ास्था में शोक मोह से ग्रस्त हम लोग भी देशकालातीत आत्मतत्त्व की अनुभूति के आनन्द को नहीं समझ सकते। गुरु चाहे जितना ही वर्णन क्यों न करें परन्तु आन्तरिक परिपक्वता प्राप्त किए बिना उनके वाक्यों के लक्ष्यार्थ को हम यथार्थरूप में ग्रहण नहीं कर सकेंगे।आत्मानुभूति का लक्षण बताते हुए श्रीकृष्ण कहते हैं आत्मा की पहचान होने पर बाह्य विषयों भावनाओं एवं विचारों की सम्पूर्ण सृष्टि आत्मा में ही प्रतीत होगी और वह आत्मा ही श्रीकृष्ण परमात्मा का स्वरूप है। एक बार समुद्र की पहचान हो जाने पर उस मनुष्य के लिए सम्पूर्ण लहरें समुद्ररूप ही हो जाती हैं।पूर्व श्लोकों में वर्णित ज्ञान के साक्षात्कार के लक्षण इस श्लोक में बताये गये हैं। यहाँ स्पष्ट हो जाता हैं कि शिष्य को गुरु के सानिध्य की आवश्यकता तभी तक रहती है जब तक वह समस्त सृष्टि को परमात्मा से अभिन्न आत्मस्वरूप में अनुभव नहीं कर लेता।इस ज्ञान का महात्म्य देखिये कि
4.35 Knowing which, O Pandava (Arjuna), you will not come under delusion again in this way, and through which you will see all beings without exception in the Self and also in Me.
4.35 Knowing ï1thatï1 thou shalt not, O Arjuna, again get deluded like this; and by that thou shalt see all beings in thy Self and also in Me.
4.35. By knowing which you shall not get deluded once again in this manner, O son of Pandu; and by which means you shall see all beings without exception in [your] Self i.e., in Me.
4.35 यत् which? ज्ञात्वा having known? न not? पुनः again? मोहम् delusion? एवम् thus? यास्यसि will get? पाण्डव O Pandava? येन by this? भूतानि beings? अशेषेण all? द्रक्ष्यसि (thou) shalt see? आत्मनि in (thy) Self? अथो also? मयि in Me.Commentary That? the knowledge of the Self mentioned in the previous verse? that is to be learnt from the Brahmanishtha Guru through prostration? estioning and service. When you acire this knowledge you will not be again subject to confusion or error. You will behold that underlying basic unity. You will behold or directly cognise through internal experience or intuition that all beings from the Creator down to a blade of grass exist in your own Self and also in Me. (Cf.IX.15XVIII.20)
4.35 Jnatva, knowing; yat, which-by aciring which Knowledge imparted by them; O Pandava, na vasyasi, you will not come under; moham, delusion; punah, again; evam, in this way, in the way you have come under delusion now. Besides, yena, through which Knowledge; draksyasi, you will see directly; bhutani, all beings; asesena, without exception, counting from Brahma down to a clump of grass; atmani, in the Self, in the innermost Self, thus-These beings exist in me ; and atha, also; see that these are mayi. in Me, in Vasudeva, the supreme Lord. The purport is, You will realize the identity of the individual Self and God, which is well known in the Upanisads. Moreover, the greatness of this Knowledge is:
4.34-35 Tat etc. Yaj=jnatva etc. This : the knowledge. By prostration : by devotion. By iniry : by the consideration of pros and cons, by good reasoning etc. By service : by practice. You should learn [this], For, those that are endowed with knowledge i.e., your own different sense-organs, that are exceedingly favoured by consciousness, will point out nearby i.e., will lead the truth to you if you remain practising in the said manner. For this, it has been said that they (sense-organs) are capable of showing the truth i.e., they show nothing but the truth. That has been said : The Yoga alone is the teacher of Yoga [practice] and On [reaching] that [seeded Yoga] [there arises] an insight, truth-bearing (YS, I, 48). If those that are endowed with knowledge is interpreted to mean other wise persons, then it would amount to say that what the Bhagavat Himself had taught is untruth. Or, the purpose of saying in this manner may be to teach a conventional rule : Other persons too should learn from the men of wisdom only by prostration etc., and not by any other means. The [locatives] atmani in your Self and mayi in Me are in the same-case-relationship, and they mean in your Soul that has attained (realised Its) identity with Me. Atho is an expletive. In order to established the [total] sameness (identity) of the Absolute with the [individual] Self, a certain characteristic mark [of the two], is mentioned [here]. If the non-sameness (non-identity) [of these two] is intended, then the meanings choice etc., [of atho] have no relevance here. Saying that the sin also perishes in the first verse [of following two], in order to clarify the earlier statement all actions, leaving no bit, [meet their end in knowledge - verse 33 above]; indicating, by all actions - in the second verse-that the suggested meaning of leaving no bit (verse 33) is not even a bit of mental impression [of actions] survives; [the Lord] explains-
4.35 Having which knowledge, you will not again fall into this delusion of mistaking the body etc., for the self, which is the cause of possessiveness etc. By this (knowledge) you will see in yourself all the beings which appear in diversity of forms such as gods, men etc.; for between you and other beings there is eality of nature when freed from the hold of Prakrti, as your self and all other selves have the form of knowledge as fas as their essence is concerned. Sri Krsna will later on instruct that the nature of the self, dissociated from the evil of contact with Prakrti, is eal in all beings. For faultless Brahman (individual self) is alike everywhere; therefore, abide in Brahman (5.19). And then you will see all beings without any exception in Me, because of the similarity of nature of the pure selves with one another and with My nature. For Sri Krsna will teach later on: Resorting to this knowledge and partaking of My nature (14.5). So the euality of the selves, devoid of name and form, with the nature of the Supreme, is known from the texts like: Then the wise, shaking off good and evil, stainless, attain supreme eality (Mun. U., 3.1.3). Therefore all selves dissociated from Prakrti are eal in nature to one another and eal in nature to the Lord of all. [The idea is that blissfulness is the basic nature of all selves. Blissfulness (Ananda) is the nature of the Supreme Being also. Eality contemplated is in this respect only, but not in power of creation, which belongs only to Isvara]
The result of knowledge is described in three and a half verses. Understanding that you are not the body but the soul, you will not have bewilderment, which is the quality of the mind. By destroying bewilderment through the attainment of natural knowledge of the eternally perfect soul, you will see all living entities, such as men and beasts, as jivatma (atmani), but situated as separate creatures by material identification, and you will also see them situated in me (mayi), the supreme cause since they are my products.
Lord Krishna now reveals the results of spiritual knowledge that came by inquiring from a self-realised being and that is one will never again be deluded by the illusionary energy thinking that friends and relatives can actually cease to exist. By this spiritual knowledge one will realise the eternal atma or soul within the etheric heart and will see that this eternal soul is within all beings and is the same as ones own soul and then one will perceive themselves as part of the Supreme Being and perceiving further will see that the Supreme Being in all its wonderous glory and majesty is identical with Lord Krishna.
By such spiritual knowledge one will realise their atma or soul and seeing the atma within all beings pervading all creation one will perceive that they are all equal as part of the Supreme Being and that the Supreme Being is identical with Lord Krishna. Now begins the summation. The word atmani refers to Lord Krishnas special attribute as paramatma or the super soul within all living beings by which one realises the oneness of all beings in creation.
By learning this spiritual knowledge one will never be deluded again by maya or illusion which causes one to have the misconception that the atma or soul is the physical body and the notion of the ego consciousness of I- ness and my-ness that is produced thereby. Not by illusion but by the realisation of ones atma within and the consciousness that all beings in variegated forms all over creation possess this self same soul equally once they are divested from their individual designations and all souls are of a purly spiritual nature once they are disassociated from matter and all are a part of the Supreme Being which is identical to Lord Krishna. The nature of the atma is the essence and is equally the same in all beings as well as being equal with the nature of the Supreme Being. Thus when disassociated from matter one atma is non-different from another and possesses the attributes of the Supreme.
By learning this spiritual knowledge one will never be deluded again by maya or illusion which causes one to have the misconception that the atma or soul is the physical body and the notion of the ego consciousness of I- ness and my-ness that is produced thereby. Not by illusion but by the realisation of ones atma within and the consciousness that all beings in variegated forms all over creation possess this self same soul equally once they are divested from their individual designations and all souls are of a purly spiritual nature once they are disassociated from matter and all are a part of the Supreme Being which is identical to Lord Krishna. The nature of the atma is the essence and is equally the same in all beings as well as being equal with the nature of the Supreme Being. Thus when disassociated from matter one atma is non-different from another and possesses the attributes of the Supreme.
Yajjnaatwaa na punarmoham evam yaasyasi paandava; Yena bhootaanyasheshena drakshyasyaatmanyatho mayi.
yat—which; jñātvā—having known; na—never; punaḥ—again; moham—delusion; evam—like this; yāsyasi—you shall get; pāṇḍava—Arjun, the son of Pandu; yena—by this; bhūtāni—living beings; aśheṣhāṇi—all; drakṣhyasi—you will see; ātmani—within me (Shree Krishna); atho—that is to say; mayi—in me
